Westpac has reached a settlement with the corporate regulator over more than 10,000 home loans that breached responsible lending laws.

The bank will pay a $35 million civil penalty to settle the case, brought by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.

Westpac was alleged to have used the Household Expenditure Measure (HEM) – a relatively low estimate of basic living expenses – to calculate potential borrowers’ living costs in an automated loan assessment process.

This meant that affected customers were approved for home loans they potentially could not afford to repay without financial hardship.

ASIC launched the case in March last year, using seven case studies to demonstrate the bank’s use of the lower HEM benchmark rather than a customer’s higher declared living expenses.

The bank changed its lending policies in 2015, meaning that all borrowers are now assessed against the higher of their declared living expenses or the HEM.

The ASIC action also alleged that Westpac did not assess whether interest-only borrowers could continue to afford their mortgage without financial hardship when the interest-only period ended and principal and interest payments had to be made.

The switch over to principal and interest can add as much as 40 per cent to the monthly repayments on a mortgage.

Tougher lending standards

The banking royal commission examined these issues in its first block of hearings, finding that other banks, including ANZ, were potentially too reliant on the low-ball HEM estimates when evaluating loan applications.

Documents released by the royal commission also showed that a 2017 review of the four major banks by the bank regulator APRA found Westpac was an “outlier” in its home loan approvals and risk assessment processes.

APRA has tightened home lending standards, forcing banks to make genuine inquiries into loan applicants’ expenses.

Banking analysts say these moves may have reduced some customers’ borrowing power by up to 42 per cent.

The bank analysts at UBS have also warned on the related issue of “liar loans”, where borrowers or their mortgage brokers underestimate their expenses or overestimate their incomes to get access to bigger loans than they would be able to get otherwise.

The very low level of the HEM meant that borrowers who understated their actual spending could be approved for much larger loans than they should have been.

The investment bank has warned there may be up to $500 billion of outstanding home loans that were approved based on inaccurate information.

UBS also warned that many borrowers with interest-only loans appeared not to realise that they were not paying off any principal and that their loan repayments would jump when the interest-only period ended.

-ABC