British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s governing Conservatives have lost two strategically important parliamentary seats but unexpectedly retained Boris Johnson’s old constituency in a setback for the opposition Labour Party.

The by-elections – one of the last electoral tests before a national election expected next year – were seen as an indicator of the two main parties’ prospects at a time when voters are struggling with high inflation, strikes and rising mortgage rates.

While Sunak’s party narrowly avoided losing all three seats, the problems he faces were highlighted by the loss of the formerly safe Conservative parliamentary seat of Selby and Ainsty, where Labour overturned the biggest Conservative majority at a by-election since World War II.

Labour leader Keir Starmer said the victory showed “just how powerful the demand for change is”.

The Conservatives suffered a crushing loss in another vote but retained Johnson’s former seat of Uxbridge and South Ruislip by fewer than 500 ballots to ensure Sunak avoided becoming the first British leader to lose three by-elections on a single day in more than half a century.

Conservatives’ consolation

Sunak was quick to hail the Uxbridge win as proof the national election was not a “done deal”.

“The message I take away is that we have to double down, stick to our plan and deliver for people,” he told reporters in a cafe in the constituency.

The former finance minister has tried to use his technocratic leadership to restore the Conservatives’ credibility after a series of scandals last year forced Johnson to resign, and economic turmoil prompted his successor, Liz Truss, to quit after just six weeks.

He is expected to reshuffle his senior ministers soon to pick his team to fight the next general election.

With stubbornly high inflation, economic stagnation, rising mortgage rates, industrial unrest, and long waiting times to use the state-run health service, the Conservatives had been braced for the possibility of losing all three seats.

Sunak’s Conservatives are trailing Labour by 20 points in national opinion polls, which suggests the governing party will struggle to win a fifth consecutive general election.

But Labour’s loss in Uxbridge shows its lead in the polls might not translate into a clear parliamentary majority at the next general election.

John Curtice, Britain’s best-known pollster, said based on Labour’s performance in Uxbridge, the most likely outcome at the next general election was a hung parliament.

“The tide is a long way out’

“The tide is still a long way out for the Conservatives and they still have an awful long way to go before they look as though they might have a chance of being able to retain power after the next general election,” he told the BBC.

The Uxbridge by-election was called following Johnson’s shock decision to quit parliament last month after he was found to have made misleading statements over parties held in Downing Street during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Johnson denied misleading parliament but Labour’s failure to take the seat was a surprise.

The winning Conservative candidate Steve Tuckwell said his party’s victory was because of local rather than national factors.

The other results exposed the Conservatives’ vulnerabilities on two fronts: the loss of the rural Selby seat in the north of England, and one in the southwest, a traditional stronghold.

The Conservatives had won large majorities in both in the 2019 general election

Labour won Selby and Ainsty in Yorkshire by 4000 votes with the Conservatives unable to defend a majority of 20,137.

The seat was vacated after an ally of Johnson resigned in solidarity with the former prime minister.

In Somerton and Frome in southwest England, the centrist Liberal Democrats managed to overturn a Conservative majority of 19,213 after a third member of parliament quit over allegations of sexual harassment and cocaine use.

Curtice said Labour’s loss in Uxbridge shows the “potential fragility” of the party’s lead in the polls while the Conservatives continue to lose voters in southern areas.

The two main “political party leaders have been left with something to think about in the wake of these results”, he said.

-AAP