The World Health Organisation does not believe the monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa requires mass vaccinations, as measures such as good hygiene and safe sexual behaviour will help control its spread.

Richard Pebody, who leads the high-threat pathogen team at WHO Europe, also told Reuters in an interview immediate supplies of vaccines and antivirals are relatively limited.

His comments came as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said it was in the process of releasing some Jynneos vaccine doses for use in monkeypox cases.

Germany’s government said on Monday it was assessing options for vaccinations, while Britain has offered them to some healthcare workers.

Public health authorities in Australia, Europe and North America are investigating more than 100 suspected and confirmed cases of infection in the worst outbreak of the virus outside of Africa, where it is endemic.

The primary measures to control the outbreak are contact tracing and isolation, Pebody said, noting it is not a virus that spreads very easily, nor has it so far caused serious disease.

The vaccines used to combat monkeypox can have some significant side-effects, he added.

It is unclear what is driving the outbreak, with scientists trying to understand the origin of the cases and whether anything about the virus has changed.

There is no evidence the virus has mutated, a senior executive at the UN agency said separately on Monday.

Many — but not all — of the people who have been diagnosed in the current monkeypox outbreak have been men who have sex with men.

But that may be because this demographic is likely to seek medical advice or access sexual health screening more readily, the WHO said earlier in the day.

Most of the confirmed cases have not been linked to travel to Africa, which suggests there may be large numbers of undetected cases, said Pebody.

Some health authorities suspect there is some degree of community spread.

“So we’re only seeing … the tip of the iceberg,” he said.

Given the pace of the outbreak, and lack of clarity around what is driving it, there has been worry that large events and parties in the northern summer could make things much worse.

“I’m not saying to people, ‘don’t have a good time, don’t go to attend these events’,” Pebody said.

“It’s rather around what people do at the parties that matters.

“So it’s about safe sexual behaviour, good hygiene, regular hand washing — all these sorts of things will help to limit the transmission of this virus.”

– AAP