Steve Bannon, a long-time adviser to former US president Donald Trump, has surrendered to federal authorities to face contempt charges after defying a subpoena from a House committee investigating the deadly January 6 attack on the US Capitol.

Mr Bannon was taken into custody on Tuesday morning (Australian time) and is expected to appear in court later in the afternoon.

The 67-year-old was indicted on Friday on two counts of criminal contempt – one for refusing to appear for a congressional deposition and the other for refusing to provide documents in response to the committee’s subpoena.

The indictment came as a second expected witness, former White House chief of staff Mark Meadows, defied his own subpoena from the committee on Friday and as Mr Trump has escalated his legal battles to withhold documents and testimony about the Capitol riot.

If the House votes to hold Mr Meadows in contempt, that recommendation would also be sent to the Justice Department for a possible indictment.

Officials in both Democratic and Republican administrations have been held in contempt by Congress but criminal indictments for contempt are exceedingly rare.

The indictment against Mr Bannon comes after a slew of Trump administration officials – including Mr Bannon – defied requests and demands from Congress over the past five years with little consequence, including during an impeachment inquiry.

President Barack Obama’s administration also declined to charge two of its officials who defied congressional demands.

The indictment said Mr Bannon did not communicate with the committee in any way from the time he received the subpoena on September 24 until October 7. Then his lawyer sent a letter, seven hours after the documents were due.

Mr Bannon, who worked at the White House at the beginning of the Trump administration and is host of the War Room: Pandemic podcast, was a private citizen who “refused to appear to give testimony as required by a subpoena”, the indictment says.

When Mr Bannon declined to appear for his deposition in October, his lawyer said the former adviser had been directed by a lawyer for Trump citing executive privilege not to answer questions.

-AAP