A dozen people are still missing after a 6.2-magnitude earthquake struck China’s north-west Gansu province, with netizens questioning the speed at which rescue operations ended.

Chinese media reported search-and-rescue work in Gansu ended at 3pm (0700 GMT) on Tuesday, about 15 hours after the disaster hit a remote and mountainous area near the border straddling Gansu and Qinghai provinces.

It was not immediately clear whether the search in Qinghai was continuing.

In Gansu, 115 people had been found dead as of 9am on Wednesday (0100 GMT) and 784 were injured, authorities said.

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Gansu has not reported any missing persons.

The death toll in neighbouring Qinghai rose to 22 with 198 injured and 12 missing as of 8.56pm on Wednesday.

More than 207,000 homes were wrecked and almost 15,000 collapsed in Gansu, affecting more than 145,000 people.

Discussions online showed netizens curious about how quickly rescue efforts wrapped up in Gansu, with many suggesting that the sub-freezing temperatures were the main factor in shortening the “golden period” for finding survivors – typically 72 hours post-disaster.

People trapped under rubble exposed to prolonged temperatures of minus 10 degrees Celsius run the risk of rapid hypothermia and might only be able to live for five to 10 hours even if uninjured, local media reported, citing researchers.

“They would have been dead by the time they were found – even 24 hours is already too long,” a user on Chinese microblogging platform Weibo commented.

“Outdoor temperatures are below minus 10C.”

Some users on Weibo considered other factors such as that the search area was not especially wide, and that people have been accounted for, leading to rescue efforts ending in less than a day.

The earthquake, which jolted Jishishan county in Gansu a minute before midnight on Monday, sent many residents in the area out of their homes into the cold in the dead of the night, with rescuers pulling victims to safety on Wednesday.

Survivors face uncertainty in the wintry months ahead without permanent shelter amid freezing temperatures.

Many of the affected families are Hui people, an ethnic minority mostly found in western Chinese provinces and regions such as Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi.

In Gansu’s Sibuzi village, villagers worried about the freezing winter.

“Many people escaped from their homes, some without socks, just ran out barefoot,” said Zhou Habai, an ethnic Hui woman.

“It’s extremely cold standing on the ground.”

The 24-year-old, now staying in a makeshift tent after her home was destroyed, said some villagers have been gathering and burning firewood to keep warm.

About 60 per cent of the survivors have not received tents, 63-year-old Ye Zhiying, from the same village, told Reuters.

He said officials from the Communist Party had told them that the village would distribute tents by noon on Thursday, and would be set up in less than a week.

“Whether everyone can be accommodated or not, we don’t know,” said the Hui villager, who was given a tent on Wednesday.

Roads, power and water lines and agricultural production facilities have suffered damage, and the quake triggered land and mudslides that swept through villages in Qinghai’s Haidong, where those reported missing were from.

-Reuters