The first national study of working arrangements in Australia since government work-from-home directions were lifted shows post-pandemic office life is going to be dramatically different to what existed before.

Our survey of 1421 knowledge workers – essentially anyone doing computer-based work able to be done remotely at least some of the time – was conducted in the week of March 21 to 25, 2022.

It shows fewer than a quarter of workers (about 23 per cent) returning to commuting five days a week, with about the same percentage working remotely full-time.

About 44 per cent were doing “hybrid work”, splitting their week between days in the office and working remotely.

These workers were split fairly evenly between three emerging models of hybrid work.

Who we asked, and what we found

Our survey asked participants a total of 46 questions, covering their current work arrangements, ideal work arrangements, health and wellbeing, workplace culture, skills changes and communication technologies, along with demographic information (age, sex, income etc).

The survey sample was nationally representative of state and age populations, though slightly skewed towards male participants (58 per cent male v 42 per cent female).

The following chart shows working arrangements at the time of the survey.

Based on a survey of 1421 Australian knowledge workers conducted from March 21 to March 25.

The “other” category includes hybrid variations, such as mixing fixed and flexible days (for example, having one fixed day in the office and two days of the worker’s choice) as well as unspecified arrangements.

Including this category, our results show a majority (54 per cent) following a hybrid work model, with 23 per cent still working remotely full-time and 22.9 per cent back in the office full-time.

By comparison, just 28 per cent of Australian knowledge workers had the chance to work remotely for any part of the week prior to the pandemic.

Three main types of home and office arrangements

Our main motivation for this study was to better understand how new work arrangements are being designed and implemented in what the Productivity Commission has described as the second wave of work experimentation – following the first wave of working from home enforced by COVID-19.

Our survey shows no clear “winner” between the three broad approaches to hybrid work:

• Days in office fixed, with workers expected to attend the office for a specific number of set days (e.g. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays). This applied to 29 per cent of hybrid workers (and 15.6 per cent of all respondents)
• Fixed office frequency, but workers have the flexibility to choose which days (i.e. any three days a week). This applied to 24.3 per cent of hybrid workers (and 13.1 per cent of all respondents)
• Flexibility to choose where they work and when. This was the case for 28.5 per cent of hybrid workers (and 15.4 per cent of all survey respondents).

Happier with autonomy

From the individual perspective, our survey strongly indicates those with the greatest flexibility were happiest.

We asked participants to indicate how happy they are with their current work arrangements on a five-point scale from “very unhappy” to “very happy”.

About 94 per cent of those with the greatest flexibility said they were happy or very happy with this arrangement.

This compares with 88.5 per cent of those working remotely full-time, and 70.6 per cent for those going into the office full-time.

When asked to choose their ideal work arrangements, the most popular choices were having control over the location where they work and when (23.0 per cent), followed by working remotely full-time (22.8 per cent).

Based on a survey of 1421 Australian knowledge workers conducted from March 21 to March 25.

Better health and wellbeing

In good news for employee health, one-third (30.2 per cent) of workers said they now have a better work-life balance than they did two years ago, compared with less than one in 10 (8.7 per cent) who think it has worsened.

More than a quarter (27.4 per cent) said the key benefit from having a better work-life balance was having more time to invest in their health and wellness.

Top responses from 1421 knowledge workers asked to nominate the key benefits from greater flexibility and improved work-life balance.

As the Productivity Commission has noted, while the first wave of forced experiment broke down resistance towards flexible work practices, this wave of voluntary experimentation involves “negotiating, trialling and adjusting” to see what best works for individuals and organisations.

It is still very early days in the evolution of hybrid work, and organisations will no doubt have to experiment and test out a number of different arrangements before they find the ones that produce the best long-term results for them and their employees.

John L. Hopkins, Associate Professor, Swinburne University of Technology, Anne Bardoel, Professor, Swinburne University of Technology

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence.