Within hours of Britons voting to leave the European Union, politicians in Scotland, Ireland and Spain raced to argue that the historic move bolstered claims over long-disputed parts of British territory.

In a referendum outcome that triggered Prime Minister David Cameron’s resignation and record losses for the Pound Sterling on foreign exchange markets, British voters chose by 52-48 per cent to end the country’s 43-year-old membership of the EU.

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The move also threatened to strain the fabric of the 215-year-old United Kingdom itself. Scottish and Northern Irish nationalist politicians said it underlined just how different they were, while a Spanish official said Madrid would seek “co-sovereignty” of Gibraltar on the Spanish coast.

First Minister and Scottish National Party leader Nicola Sturgeon said Scots voted unequivocally to remain part of Europe. Photo: Getty

“Scotland has delivered a strong, unequivocal vote to remain in the EU, and I welcome that endorsement of our European status,” First Minister and Scottish National Party leader Nicola Sturgeon said on Friday of a local Scottish vote that was 62-38 per cent in favour of remaining in the 28-nation bloc.

Her predecessor Alex Salmond went further, explicitly saying Scotland was now likely to push for a second independence referendum, after Scots voted to remain in the UK in 2014.

England and Wales voted clearly to leave the EU on Thursday.

With 56 per cent of Northern Irish voting to stay, deputy government leader Martin McGuinness of the nationalist Sinn Fein party urged London to allow a referendum on whether to unite the two sides of the Irish border.

“The British government now has no democratic mandate to represent the views of the North in any future negotiations with the European Union and I do believe that there is a democratic imperative for a ‘border poll’ to be held,” McGuinness told national Irish broadcaster RTE.

In Gibraltar, 95 per cent of residents voted to remain part of Europe. Photo: Getty

“The implications for all of us on the island of Ireland are absolutely massive. This could have very profound implications for our economy (in Northern Ireland),” he added of the province created by the 1921 partition of Ireland into north and south.

In Madrid, acting Spanish foreign minister Jose Manuel Garcia-Margallo said the vote completely changed the outlook on the future of the peninsula, a British Overseas Territory since 1713 and known to its 30,000 residents as “the Rock”.

Northern Ireland’s pro-British First Minister and Democratic Unionist Party leader Arlene Foster dismissed the call by her deputy McGuinness, telling Northern Ireland’s Radio Ulster there was “no way” a vote would favour a united Ireland.

Gibraltar voted in favour of Britain remaining in the EU. A spokesman for Gibraltar’s government declined to comment on the overall Brexit vote and referred to previous statements on how co-sovereignty had already been rejected by around 99 per cent of Gibraltarians in a previous local referendum.